Archaeologists have uncovered what is thought to be the earliest known section of the Great Wall of China, tracing its origins about 300 years earlier than previously believed. This significant discovery was made in the Changqing District of Jinan City, located in China’s Shandong Province. The findings date back to the latter part of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE–771 BCE) and the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE–476 BCE).
As reported by Archaeology News, the excavation, carried out by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology from May to December 2024, spanned approximately 1,100 square meters in the northern section of Guangli Village. This effort represents the first comprehensive exploration of the Qi Great Wall, following numerous previous survey attempts.
The Qi Great Wall, an earlier version of the famed Ming Dynasty wall, was built by the State of Qi during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE). Predating the Ming-era fortifications by over a thousand years, this structure extends more than 600 kilometers through Shandong Province. It was originally constructed to protect the State of Qi from incursions, particularly from the State of Chu.
The research team employed both traditional and advanced archaeological methods. Analysis using cutting-edge techniques, such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating, revealed evidence of sophisticated engineering practices. Built with rammed earth, stones, and other materials, the structure exemplifies the military might of the Qi state, long before China was unified under the Qin Dynasty.
The team also identified the ancient settlement of Pingyin City, located roughly 1.5 kilometers north of the Qi Great Wall. Ancient texts such as the Zuo Zhuan and Water Classic Commentary describe Pingyin as a critical stronghold for the Qi State. The city played a vital role in protecting trade routes and maintaining the security of the frontier.
